A qualitative study of experiences with physical activity among people receiving opioid agonist therapy

Background:

Many people with substance use disorders undergoing opioid agonist therapy often have physical or mental health commorbidities. Exercise is recognised as beneficial for both prevention and treatment of various health conditions, yet exercise interventions for this population are limited. This study aims to explore the experiences, perceived barriers, and facilitators of physical activity among individuals receiving opioid agonist therapy.

Method:

Qualitative interviews were conducted with fourteen individuals receiving opioid agonist therapy in outpatient clinics in Western Norway.

Results:

The participants, mostly males aged 30 to 60 years, had diverse substance use histories and received buprenorphine-based opioid agonist therapy. Themes identified included:

1. Physical limitations: Participants faced health-related issues such as breathing difficulties, pain, and reduced physical function.
2. Social dynamics: Social support was crucial for engaging in physical activities, but some expressed concerns about group activities due to the risk of encountering individuals under the influence of substances.
3. Shift in focus: Participants shifted their preference from adrenaline-focused sports to health-promoting activities.
4. Impact of COVID-19 on exercise: Group activities were suspended during the pandemic, posing challenges for participants to resume exercise routines.
5. Implementation preferences in clinics: Participants emphasised the importance of not disrupting opioid medication routines.

Conclusion:

This study provides insights for developing tailored exercise interventions to improve the health and well-being of individuals undergoing opioid agonist therapy. Addressing social dynamics, overcoming physical limitations, and implementing practical exercise regimens are crucial considerations in designing effective interventions.