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Abstract

Background: Mortality, suicide, self-harm, and substance use are elevated among people who are incarcerated. There is a wide range of heterogeneous interventions aimed at reducing these harms in this population. Previous reviews...

Inadequate substance use disorder (SUD) treatment resources for incarcerated women and men with substance use problems leads to a pressing need for services when they are released. Those leaving incarceration were almost 11 times more likely to die of an opioid overdose in the first year following release than the general population.

Every year, over 6 million persons globally are in contact with the criminal justice system for drug-related offences. Significant increases in prison populations worldwide are largely caused by the arrest and incarceration of persons whose crimes are related to drug use.  Many countries are exploring different options to reduce crime and incarceration through the use of community-based drug treatment. 

Indonesia confronts significant challenges from widespread drug abuse, impacting public health and leading to high incarceration rates. As of July 2025, the National Narcotics Board (BNN) reports 3.3 million narcotics addicts, with over 147,000 drug offenders constituting 53% of the Indonesian prison population.

Indonesia maintains one of the world's most stringent narcotics legal frameworks, codified in Law 35/2009, which imposes severe sanctions ranging from lengthy mandatory minimum prison sentences to capital punishment. This punitive stance has precipitated a crisis of hyper-incarceration, with national prison overcrowding averaging 108% with some facilities operating at 198% capacity, and detention centers exceeding 210%.

Recommended Reading: New Psychoactive Substances: Studies from Central Asia and China
We are pleased to present the book "New Psychoactive Substances: Studies from Central Asia and China", prepared by an international team of experts and...

ABSTRACT

Harm reduction services, such as drug testing kiosks and ‘safe zones’ are often advocated for reducing the harms of drug use among rave and festival attendees. However, interaction with law enforcement can undermine efforts at...

Abstract

Introduction

Studies have found associations between Opioid Agonist Maintenance Treatment during incarceration and reduced recidivism among recently released formerly incarcerated persons. However, the role of community-based Opi...

By Seye Omiyefa

Across Nigeria and many parts of the world, thousands of individuals, particularly youth and economically marginalized people, are trapped in a revolving door of arrest, incarceration, and reentry. Much of this cycle is...

Abstract

Background: Antisocial personality disorder (AsPD) is associated with poor mental health, criminality, substance use and relationship difficulties. This review updates Gibbon 2010 (previous version of the review).

Objectives: To...

Background: Motivational Interviewing (MI) is widely used in substance abuse treatment, possibly due to the short sessions and the treatment’s cost-effectiveness. Previous research has established the efficacy of MI among a broad range of...

Abstract

This paper evaluates whether participation in the Thinking for a Change cognitive behavioural program produces improvement in social problem solving skills in a prison context. Data are derived from a randomised experiment, with a...

ABSTRACT

Background:

Over seven million persons in the United States are supervised by the criminal justice system, including many who have co-occurring mental and substance use disorders (CODs). This population is at high risk for...

Abstract

This meta‐analysis examined whether psychological treatments with adult violent offenders in correctional and forensic mental health settings are effective in preventing community recidivism and institutional (hospital/prison)...

Summary

Background

Repeat offending, also known as criminal recidivism, in people released from prison has remained high over many decades. To address this, psychological treatments have been increasingly used in criminal justice settings...

Abstract

Background: Over seven million persons in the United States are supervised by the criminal justice system, including many who have co-occurring mental and substance use disorders (CODs). This population is at high risk for...

Abstract 

Objectives We evaluated a prebooking law enforcement assisted diversion (LEAD) program (i.e., initial diversion from the criminal justice system paired with harm-reduction case management and legal assistance to individuals with...

ABSTRACT

Purpose

Seeking Safety is an evidence-based treatment for individuals with comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and substance use disorder. This treatment shows promise to address the unique, unmet needs of women in prison. The...

Abstract

Introduction: Substance use disorder (SUD), overdose, and drug use-related crime continue to increase in the U.S. Pre-arrest diversion-to-treatment programs may decrease crime recidivism and overdose deaths. We assessed the impact...

Abstract

Objective:

This study assessed the effectiveness of Seeking Safety on depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with incarcerated women.

Method:

A randomized controlled trial (N = 40) was used to analyze Seeking...