This refers to using a substance or engaging in a behaviour, often experienced as difficult or impossible to resist. It arises from neurobiological adaptations in the brain caused by repeated substance use, leading to both psychological and physical dependence.
Cravings may be triggered by environmental cues, emotions, or social situations associated with prior substance use and can intensify during withdrawal or stress. They are a significant factor contributing to relapse after periods of abstinence.
According to the WHO Lexicon of Alcohol and Drug Terms and ICD-11, craving represents a physiological and psychological drive mechanism that motivates behaviour toward satisfying specific needs or goals, such as obtaining or using a drug.
Sources: Gosnold; Recovery Research Institute; HRB