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Law Enforcement
The activities of authorised agencies such as police, customs, border services, and investigative bodies to enforce drug control laws and address criminal activities related to the production, trafficking, and distribution of illicit substances. These activities may include investigations, intelligence gathering, interdiction, and collaboration with national and international partners to disrupt organised crime networks. Law enforcement plays an important role in protecting public safety and maintaining the rule of law, and is most effective when coordinated with broader public health, prevention, treatment, and recovery efforts as part of a balanced and comprehensive response to substance use.
A Randomized, Open Label Trial of Methadone Continuation versus Forced Withdrawal in a Combined US Prison and Jail
Effectiveness Bank Analysis: Keep Maintaining Opiate-Dependent Prisoners
From the USA, a rare randomised trial found in favour of continuing methadone maintenance when patients entered prison rather than compulsory withdrawal. The...
Development and Implementation of the Health Education and Promotion Module for Incarcerated Mothers
Abstract
To discuss the knowledge gained and future implications for incarcerated parents and community members through the development and implementation of a standardized health education and promotion module for incarcerated mothers. A...
The Reciprocal Lagged Effects of Substance Use and Recidivism in a Prisoner Reentry Context
Abstract
Background
Much work has investigated the association between substance use, crime, and recidivism, yet little scholarship has examined these associations longitudinally among samples of recently released prisoners. We examine...
Associations between Substance Use and Type of Crime in Prisoners with Substance Use Problems
Aim: The present study aimed to study the associations between substance use patterns and types of crimes in prisoners with substance use problems, and specifically whether substance use patterns were different in violent offenders.
Metho...
Morbidity and Mortality in Homeless Individuals, Prisoners, Sex Workers, and Individuals with Substance Use Disorders in High-Income Countries
Summary
Background
Inclusion health focuses on people in extremely poor health due to poverty, marginalisation, and multimorbidity. We aimed to review morbidity and mortality data on four overlapping populations who experience...
Alcohol Problems in the Criminal Justice System: An Opportunity for Intervention
Alcohol is linked with crime, especially violent crime. Many people are incarcerated because of alcohol-related crime. Alcohol is not permitted in prisons except in a very few cases, and illicit use of alcohol in prison is not a major...
Effect of Initiating Drug Treatment on the Risk of Drug-Related Poisoning Death and Acquisitive Crime among Offending Heroin Users
Abstract
Background
A recent Cochrane review of randomised trials identified a lack of evidence for interventions provided to drug-using offenders. We use routine data to address whether contact with treatment services reduces heroin user...
Drug-Treatment Systems in Prisons in Eastern and South-East Europe
This research project on drug-treatment systems in prisons in Eastern and South-East Europe looks in detail into the situation of drug users among criminal justice populations and the corresponding health-care responses in nine countries in...
Characteristics of Persons Who Inject Drugs and Who Witness Opioid Overdoses in Vietnam
Abstract
Background
Persons who use opioids have a high risk of overdose and associated mortality. In Vietnam, little is known about the characteristics of this population and the persons who are witness to those overdoses. One approach...
Barriers to Retention in Methadone Maintenance Therapy among People who Inject Drugs in Bangkok
Abstract
Background
Methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) is a mainstay for treating opioid use disorder and preventing and managing HIV among people who inject drugs (PWID). While previous research suggested low dosing of methadone and...
Trends in Deaths Involving Heroin and Synthetic Opioids Excluding Methadone, and Law Enforcement Drug Product Reports
Summary
What is already known about this topic?
Opioid overdose deaths in the United States have been increasing since 1999, initially driven by prescription opioid misuse and more recently by heroin and other illicit opioid use.
What is...
Changing Patterns of Substance Misuse in Adult Prisons and Service Responses
Inspection findings were supplemented by fieldwork in eight prisons in 2014 to generate an overall picture of drug use and responses to it in prisons in England and Wales. In the face of rapidly changing and varied drug use patterns, policy...
The Effectiveness of Illegal Drug Interventions
This Health Research Board document reviews evidence on the effectiveness of interventions in the areas of prevention, harm reduction and long-term recovery from addiction to illegal drugs.
It asks which interventions are effective for:
- ...
How to Tackle America’s Opioid Crisis?
Much the result of a poor understanding of how to treat chronic pain, the United States has in recent years been rocked by an unprecedented drug crisis: The opioid epidemic.
Opioids include drugs derived from opium, such as heroin, as...
Alcohol Treatment Matrix Row 5: Safeguarding the Community
Time to consolidate the lessons of the course’s last five instalments about treatment intended to safeguard the community, the final row of the Alcohol Treatment Matrix. A common theme is the contradiction between treatment centred on the...
Long Lasting Effects of Chronic Heavy Cannabis Abuse
Abstract
Background and Objectives
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent of short-term memory impairment and schizophrenia-like symptoms in heavy and systematic cannabis users and the association between the severity of...
Drug Misuse and Dependence: UK Guidelines on Clinical Management
Often called the Orange Book, this is guidance for clinicians treating people with drug problems.
This 2017 version offers new guidelines on:
- prison-based treatment
- new psychoactive substances and club drugs
- mental health co-morbidity...
Effectiveness Bank Matrix Bite: Treatment Systems to Reduce Alcohol-Related Crime and Safeguard the Community
Final cell of the Alcohol Treatment Matrix. The theme is set by an Australian review which argues that despite radically different starting points, criminal justice and treatment systems must collaborate to deliver treatment. We invite you...
For Whom Does Prison-Based Drug Treatment Work? Results from a Randomized Experiment
For the first time in a prison setting, a randomised trial has rigorously compared intensive residential therapeutic community treatment to outpatient counselling. Confounding expectations, the US prison for problem drug users which hosted...
Effectiveness Bank Matrix Bite: What If the Therapist ... Is Also the Jailer?
A cell in the Alcohol Treatment Matrix. In an extreme form, the title poses the dilemma for alcohol treatment staff who may also be (seen as) working for authorities whose main role is to control or punish the ‘client’ or who may be...
