Research

Drinking alcohol during pregnancy is associated with Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD), and women who drink at higher levels are more likely to have a baby with FASD. 

Efforts to better understand and respond to ‘high risk’ drinking during pregnancy have been largely ignored therefore this research aims to better understand the different ways this issue is addressed in policy and practice.

Highlights

تجربه های نامطلوب دوران کودکی (ACEs) به طور کلاسیک به عنوان سوء استفاده فیزیکی، سوء استفاده جنسی، سوء استفاده عاطفی، غفلت عاطفی، قلدری، استفاده از مواد والدین یا سوء استفاده، خشونت بین والدین، مشکلات سلامت روانی والدین یا خودکشی، جدایی والدین، یا پدر و مادر محکوم به جرم جنایی تعریف شده است.

این تحقیق شامل 4 کار فارغ التحصیلی در کارشناسی ارشد، با روش توصیفی مخلوط، که با عوامل خطر مختلف است که باعث دانش آموزان در گوات مالا، که به مشکلات استفاده، مصرف و سوء استفاده از مواد سقوط انجام شد. این تحقیق اعضای جامعه آموزشی را از سطوح مختلف نظام آموزشی (تحصیلات ابتدایی، پایه، متنوع و عالی)، خطاب به والدین، معلمان و دانش آموزان، با توجه به سطح ارزیابی شده از موسسه های دولتی و خصوصی مورد ارزیابی قرار داد.

Abstract

Background

Microglia have been implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), but information on biological mechanisms is limited. Therefore, we investigated the gene expression profile of microglial cells in relation to neuronal regulators of microglia activity in well-characterized MDD and control autopsy brains.

Abstract:
Introduction. Previous data suggest that healthcare students, such as nursing students, might have a differential risk of presenting burnout syndrome caused by the stress they are subjected to. However, the evidence is still scarce and inconclusive.
Objective. To evaluate the association between nursing training and burnout syndrome among undergraduate students in Hidalgo, Mexico.

Abstract:
Introduction. Factors affecting the quality of physician care include a shortage of trained staff, stigma, and discrimination.

Abstract:
Introduction. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression, and alcohol consumption has increased among medical students. Mindfulness is an intervention to decrease these psychopathologies and alcohol consumption; however, evidence has shown unclear results regarding its efficacy.

Abstract

Importance  The use of cannabis as a medicine is becoming increasingly prevalent. Given the diverse range of conditions being treated with medical cannabis, as well as the vast array of products and dose forms available, clinical evidence incorporating patient-reported outcomes may help determine safety and efficacy.

Abstract

Background

SMART (Self-Management and Recovery Training) Recovery is a mutual-aid program informed by cognitive behaviour therapy and motivational interviewing that provides support for a range of addictive behaviours.

Resumen

Antecedentes: El suicido representa un grave problema de salud pública en el mundo, siendo actualmente la segunda causa de muerte en jóvenes con edades comprendidas entre los 15 y los 29 años. Objetivo: El propósito de la presente revisión es conocer los programas que existen en el ámbito escolar para prevenir el comportamiento suicida, con el fin de determinar qué tipo de programas y qué est

Abstract

Objective

The crisis of opioid use puts a strain on resources in the United States and worldwide. There are 3 US Food and Drug Administration–approved medications for treatment of opioid use disorder: methadone, buprenorphine, and injectable extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX). The comparative effectiveness and cost vary considerably among these 3 medications.

Abstract

Microglia participates in the modulation of pain signaling. The activation of microglia is suggested to play an important role in affective disorders that are related to a dysfunction of the mesocorticolimbic system (MCLS) and are commonly associated with chronic pain.

Abstract

Background

Alcohol use disorders (AUD) are prevalent and often go untreated. Patients are commonly screened for AUD in primary care, but existing treatment programs are failing to meet demand. Digital therapeutics include novel mobile app-based treatment approaches which may be cost-effective treatment options to help fill treatment gaps.

Opioid dependence is associated with substantial health and social burdens, and opioid agonist treatment (OAT) is highly effective in improving multiple outcomes for people who receive this treatment. Methadone and buprenorphine are common medications provided as OAT. We aimed to examine buprenorphine compared with methadone in the treatment of opioid dependence across a wide range of primary and secondary outcomes.

Key Points

Question  What treatments for cocaine use disorder are associated with objective reductions in cocaine use among adults?

Abstract

Introduction

Young adults report high rates of current cannabis use. The increase of legalised cannabis in the United States has led to greater access and availability, causing cannabis to become the new “gateway” drug. This study examined the number of young people who try cannabis before alcohol or tobacco and the link between the initiation of cannabis first and substance use in young adults. 

Abstract

Importance  Information about the trend in illicit substance ingestions among young children during the pandemic is limited.

Abstract

Adolescence is a critical phase of development and is frequently a period of initiating and engaging in risky behaviors, including alcohol and other substance use. The COVID-19 pandemic and associated stressors might have affected adolescent involvement in these behaviors.

A publication on predictors of substance use disorder symptoms among women in Katsina State, Nigeria.

The Alcohol Use and Mental Health Project ECHO is a no-cost virtual program for health care professionals who are looking for up-to-date and research-based information on working with people who use alcohol. 

Background

In the entire world, smoking is a major contributor to preventable deaths and years of life with a disability. Nevertheless, little is known about the factors that influence women's smoking habits. This study evaluated the factors that influence smoking and smoking frequency among Nigerian women of reproductive age.

NIH shared this abstract: Trauma exposure is prevalent in the general population, but healthcare workers may be at greater risks for additional work-related trauma. Trauma is a known risk factor for substance use, particularly tobacco and risky alcohol use.

Abstract

The last few years have seen the emergence of new psychoactive substances among the homeless population, specifically synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists. The purpose of this study is to investigate the knowledge and experiences of new psychoactive substances amongst users from the homeless population.