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Populations
Distinct groups of people within a society who share certain characteristics such as age, gender, geographic location, socioeconomic status, cultural background, or exposure to particular risk factors that may influence patterns of substance use, vulnerability to substance use disorders, and access to services. In the context of substance use systems, identifying and understanding different populations helps guide the design of prevention, treatment, recovery, and policy responses that are appropriate, equitable, and responsive to specific needs. Examples may include youth, women, people experiencing homelessness, individuals in the criminal justice system, or communities affected by specific social or economic conditions.
Risk and Resilience among Out-Of-School Youth in South Africa
Lisa Wegner, Joachim Jacobs, Renette J Blignaut, Innocent Karangwa, Elizabeth Weybright, Linda Lee Caldwell, Edward Allan Smith
South African youth experience many challenges including unemployment, poverty, disorganised families, health...
PROSPER Community-University Partnership Delivery System Effects on Substance Misuse
Evaluated prevention programmes are typically implemented by research teams, raising questions over real-world applicability, but a groundbreaking US trial is said to have produced a ‘robust’ demonstration of the potential of a system in...
Association of Occasional Smoking with Total Mortality in the Population-Based Tromsø Study
Abstract
Objectives: There is a shift in the smoking population from daily smokers to light or occasional smokers. The knowledge about possible adverse health effects of this new smoking pattern is limited. We investigated smoking habits...
Socioeconomic Disparities in Smoking Behavior and Early Smoking Initiation among Men in Malawi
Abstract
Background:
Tobacco smoking is a growing concern for health care systems as it is projected to become the leading cause of death in the developing world. Knowledge of how smoking behavior differs across socioeconomic groups is...
Quality Measurers of Therapeutic Communities for Substance Dependence
Abstract
Background
In Latin America, substance related disorders are highly prevalent and one of the treatment strategies is the Therapeutic Communities (TCs), however, in Latin America there is scarce data about this treatment...
Drug-Treatment Systems in Prisons in Eastern and South-East Europe
This research project on drug-treatment systems in prisons in Eastern and South-East Europe looks in detail into the situation of drug users among criminal justice populations and the corresponding health-care responses in nine countries in...
Effectiveness Bank Hot Topic: The ‘Forgotten’ Carers
One of our selection of hot topics on important issues which sometimes generate heated debate. Both as a treatment resource for the patient and a group needing support in their own right, families affected by substance use are, claimed a UK...
Evaluation of a Federally Funded Mass Media Campaign and Smoking Cessation in Pregnant Women
Abstract
Objectives: In 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention initiated a national anti-smoking campaign, Tips from Former Smokers (Tips). As a result of the campaign, quit attempts among smokers increased in the general...
Reviewing Inclusion Health: An Intervention Programme for At-Risk Populations
Inclusion Health is a framework for action that helps find ways of improving the health and well-being for socially excluded groups. These populations, who have in common adverse life experiences and risk factors, such as poverty and...
Delivery of Screening and Brief Intervention for Unhealthy Alcohol Use in an Urban Academic Federally Qualified Health Center
Abstract
Background
Screening and brief intervention (SBI) for unhealthy drinking has not been widely implemented in primary care partly due to reliance on physicians to perform it.
Methods
We implemented a model of nursing staff...
Gambling Activates the Same Brain Pathways as Substance Addiction, New Study Finds
Problem gambling in the UK is reported to affect around 590,000 people.
The condition can be treated via a range of approaches, including cognitive behavioural therapy and medication.
Published in the journal Translational Psychiatry, a...
Women and Substance Use
Abstract
Objectives: To explore contextual factors that increase vulnerabilities to negative sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes and possible differences in SRH-related behaviours and the needs of women who use drugs (WUD)...
Gender Differences in the Alcohol-Related Alterations in Cortical Activity
Background: Long-term alcohol use is known to harm brain functioning in adolescence. In the central nervous system, the effects of alcohol are particularly mediated by alterations in GABAergic neurotransmission. Combining simultaneous...
Evaluation of a Novel Intervention Providing Insight into the Tobacco Industry to Prevent the Uptake of Smoking in School-Aged Children
Abstract
Objectives: Evidence from the US Truth campaign suggests that interventions focusing on tobacco industry practices and ethics may be effective in preventing youth smoking uptake. We developed, piloted and evaluated a school-based...
Hair Cortisol Levels, Psychological Stress and Psychopathological Symptoms as Predictors of Postpartum Depression
Abstract
Postpartum depression affects a huge number of women and has detrimental consequences. Knowing the factors associated with postpartum depression during pregnancy can help its prevention. Although there is evidence surrounding...
The Opioid Epidemic: From Evidence to Impact
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
While prescription opioids serve an invaluable role for the treatment of cancer pain and pain at the end of life, their overuse for acute and chronic non-cancer pain as well as the increasing availability of heroin and...
Sexual Orientation Identity and Tobacco and Hazardous Alcohol Use
Abstract
Objectives: To assess the association between tobacco and hazardous alcohol use and sexual orientation and whether such an association could be explained by other sociodemographic characteristics.
Design: Cross-sectional...
Smoking during Pregnancy: A Population-Based Study
Abstract
Aims: Tobacco is a major cause of disease and mortality in modern times. The risk of smoking in pregnancy is a serious threat to the development and future health of an unborn child. The aim of this study was to explore the...
The Effects of Alcohol Intoxication on Accuracy and the Confidence–Accuracy Relationship in Photographic Simultaneous Line-Ups
Summary
Acute alcohol intoxication during encoding can impair subsequent identification accuracy, but results across studies have been inconsistent, with studies often finding no effect. Little is also known about how alcohol intoxication...
The Effectiveness of Injectable Extended-Release Naltrexone vs Daily Buprenorphine-Naloxone for Opioid Dependence
Key Points
Question: Are monthly intramuscular injections with extended-release naltrexone hydrochloride as effective as daily oral buprenorphine–naloxone hydrochloride in reducing the use of heroin and other illicit substances in newly...