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Importance Guidelines recommend that all risk factors for early-onset atrial fibrillation, including lifestyle factors, be proactively managed, considering the poor prognosis of the disease. Not much is known about the association of cumulative alcohol intake with the risk of atrial fibrillation in young adults aged 20 to 39 years, especially among heavy drinkers.
Earlier research revealed that cocaine users display impairments in emotional but not necessarily in cognitive empathy. However, no study to date has tested whether empathy is generally altered or whether impairments are restricted to specific social targets. The current investigation addresses this open question.
One specific instantiation of the storm-and-stress view of adolescence is the idea that “normal” adolescence involves high-risk substance use behaviors.
Background: Practice in the clinical psychology is knitted closely to the trust and rapport building with the client. This trust is supported by the set of ethical considerations being proposed by the APA Ethical Code. It helps to build trust among the clients and to ensure the efficacy of the clinical treatment.
Background:Given the scarcity of alcohol prevention and use disorder treatments in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), the World Health Organization has launched an eHealth portal that includes the web-based self-help program “Alcohol e-Health.”
Objective:We aimed to test the effectiveness of the Alcohol e-Health program in a randomized controlled trial.
Background:The development of Web-based interventions for substance abuse in Latin America is a new field of interest with great potential for expansion to other Spanish-speaking countries.
Virtually delivered healthcare (telehealth, telemedicine) has the potential to reduce gaps in access to opioid agonist therapy (OAT). Barriers to accessing OAT such as lack of transportation, in-person induction requirements, employment demands and limited childcare options reduce treatment opportunities for clients. A completely virtual model of care has been developed in Alberta, Canada.
Importance Opioid overdose rates continue to increase, and extant literature suggests that many individuals who use heroin were first introduced to opioids through a medical prescription.
FRAGMENTO
This paper explores the experience of posttraumatic growth in families who have lost a family member to a drug-related death.
Seven family units (17 participants) were interviewed, and interviews were analysed.
Analyses revealed themes that reflected positive adaptation and growth, including
(a) reframing the loss,
(b) open dialogue and social support, and
(c) reclamation of purpose.
Brain-based explanations of addiction have become a prominent explanatory model in recent decades. Although opposing views have been published, there is no large-scale study of researchers' opinions, unlike for treatment staff, the public and affected individuals. Therefore, this study aimed to examine international addiction researchers' perspectives on:
Importance Overdoses continue to increase in the US, but the contribution of methamphetamine use is understudied in rural communities.
Objective To estimate the prevalence of methamphetamine use and its correlates among people who use drugs (PWUD) in rural US communities and to determine whether methamphetamine use is associated with increased nonfatal overdoses.
Importance Screening and brief intervention (SBI) programs in schools have the potential to provide substance use prevention messages to large numbers of adolescents. This study evaluated the association between exposure to a school-based SBI program and reductions in substance use among youths after enactment of a law that required Massachusetts schools to provide SBI to all students.
Aim: Nurses work with a lack of organizational support and perceive an unsafe environment from their organizations, which has been related to depression. This study aimed to investigate the effect of nurses' work experiences in a COVID-19 unit on their depression, the mediation effect of resilience, and the moderated mediation effect of organizational trust.
In somatic health care settings, interdisciplinary collaborations (where various disciplines work coordinated and interdependently toward shared goals) are considered to yield higher team effectiveness than multidisciplinary approaches (where various disciplines work in parallel within their professional boundaries).
Aftercare programs for people with substance use disorders (PWSUD) are frequently challenged with a number of overlapping obstacles, including uncertain policy consequences and a lack of resources.
Importance Overdose is one of the leading causes of death in the US; however, surveillance data lag considerably from medical examiner determination of the death to reporting in national surveillance reports.
Objective To automate the classification of deaths related to substances in medical examiner data using natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML).
Importance Fatal and nonfatal opioid overdoses are at record levels, and emergency department (ED) visits may be an opportune time to intervene. Peer-led models of care are increasingly common; however, little is known about their effectiveness.
Importance The landscape of tobacco use is changing. However, information about the association between early-age tobacco use and cognitive performances is limited, especially for emerging tobacco products such as electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes).
Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUDs), including methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone, decrease mortality and morbidity for people with opioid use disorder (OUD). Buprenorphine and methadone have the strongest evidence base among MOUDs.
Contexte : La pandémie de maladie à coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) a touché les personnes atteintes de troubles liés à l’utilisation de substances (SUD) dans le monde entier, et les systèmes de santé ont réorganisé leurs services en réponse à la pandémie.
Importance Cigarette smoking and risky alcohol consumption co-occur and are undertreated. Nicotine receptor partial agonists and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) treat smoking but are unproven for alcohol, and clinical trials rarely include individuals with HIV, substance use, and mental health conditions.
Resumen
Question Did smoking cessation–related behaviours change during the COVID-19 pandemic in the US?
Findings This cross-sectional study among 788 008 US adult smokers found that the annual prevalence of past-year quit attempts decreased for the first time since 2011, from 65.2% in 2019 to 63.2% in 2020.
Résumé : Contexte : La nécessité de programmes de prévention de la consommation de substances sur le lieu de travail à l’échelle mondiale et en Afrique du Sud est motivée par le problème croissant de la consommation de substances et le fardeau qui en découle pour la santé et le bien-être des employés, de leurs familles et des organisations.
Although several studies have found a high incidence of coexisting mental health problems among adolescents with substance use problems, follow-up studies addressing how these conditions change over time are rare. The study will describe and analyse indications of mental health problems and how various risk factors predict outcomes 1 year after initial treatment contact.
Aux États-Unis, l’accès à la buprénorphine reste faible et des disparités quant aux personnes qui reçoivent un traitement sont apparues. Les lois fédérales ont réglementé l’administration de buprénorphine, limitant finalement sa mise en œuvre plus largement.
Beginning in the 1990s, non-medical use of prescription opioids (POs) became a major public health crisis.