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Despite extensive evidence regarding the negative effects of stigma experienced by people living with HIV (PLHIV) and people who inject drugs within health care settings, comparatively little evidence exists regarding the effectiveness of initiatives to reduce this stigma.
Objective:
Drinking alcohol during pregnancy is associated with Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD), and women who drink at higher levels are more likely to have a baby with FASD.
Efforts to better understand and respond to ‘high risk’ drinking during pregnancy have been largely ignored therefore this research aims to better understand the different ways this issue is addressed in policy and practice.
Highlights
Interventions that restrict the availability of alcohol reduce the risk of harm. However, until now it has been unclear why this is the case.
In this research, the views of public health teams, police, local authority licensing teams and lawyers, and alcohol premises licensing committees were explored to identify the mechanisms of alcohol availability interventions.
Les expériences défavorables de l’enfance (ACE) sont classiquement définies comme la violence physique, la violence sexuelle, la violence psychologique, la négligence émotionnelle, l’intimidation, la consommation ou la toxicomanie des parents, la violence entre les parents, les problèmes de santé mentale ou le suicide des parents, la séparation des parents ou un parent reconnu coupable d’une infraction criminelle.
Une recherche a été menée consistant en 4 travaux de fin de maîtrise, avec une méthodologie descriptive mixte, qui traitent des différents facteurs de risque qui causent les étudiants au Guatemala, qui tombent dans des problèmes de consommation, de consommation et d’abus de substances.
Microglia have been implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), but information on biological mechanisms is limited. Therefore, we investigated the gene expression profile of microglial cells in relation to neuronal regulators of microglia activity in well-characterized MDD and control autopsy brains.
Abstract:
Introduction. Previous data suggest that healthcare students, such as nursing students, might have a differential risk of presenting burnout syndrome caused by the stress they are subjected to. However, the evidence is still scarce and inconclusive.
Objective. To evaluate the association between nursing training and burnout syndrome among undergraduate students in Hidalgo, Mexico.
Abstract:
Introduction. Factors affecting the quality of physician care include a shortage of trained staff, stigma, and discrimination.
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are highly prevalent and impact individuals' health, well-being, and social functioning. Long-lasting changes in brain networks involved in reward, executive function, stress reactivity, mood, and self-awareness underlie the intense drive to consume substances and the inability to control this urge in a person who suffers from addiction (moderate or severe SUD).
Abstract:
Introduction. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression, and alcohol consumption has increased among medical students. Mindfulness is an intervention to decrease these psychopathologies and alcohol consumption; however, evidence has shown unclear results regarding its efficacy.
Importance The use of cannabis as a medicine is becoming increasingly prevalent. Given the diverse range of conditions being treated with medical cannabis, as well as the vast array of products and dose forms available, clinical evidence incorporating patient-reported outcomes may help determine safety and efficacy.
SMART (Self-Management and Recovery Training) Recovery is a mutual-aid program informed by cognitive behaviour therapy and motivational interviewing that provides support for a range of addictive behaviours.
Antecedentes: El suicido representa un grave problema de salud pública en el mundo, siendo actualmente la segunda causa de muerte en jóvenes con edades comprendidas entre los 15 y los 29 años. Objetivo: El propósito de la presente revisión es conocer los programas que existen en el ámbito escolar para prevenir el comportamiento suicida, con el fin de determinar qué tipo de programas y qué est
Background
The crisis of opioid use puts a strain on resources in the United States and worldwide. There are 3 US Food and Drug Administration–approved medications for treatment of opioid use disorder: methadone, buprenorphine, and injectable extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX). The comparative effectiveness and cost vary considerably among these 3 medications.
Microglia participates in the modulation of pain signaling. The activation of microglia is suggested to play an important role in affective disorders that are related to a dysfunction of the mesocorticolimbic system (MCLS) and are commonly associated with chronic pain.
Alcohol use disorders (AUD) are prevalent and often go untreated. Patients are commonly screened for AUD in primary care, but existing treatment programs are failing to meet demand. Digital therapeutics include novel mobile app-based treatment approaches which may be cost-effective treatment options to help fill treatment gaps.
Opioid dependence is associated with substantial health and social burdens, and opioid agonist treatment (OAT) is highly effective in improving multiple outcomes for people who receive this treatment. Methadone and buprenorphine are common medications provided as OAT. We aimed to examine buprenorphine compared with methadone in the treatment of opioid dependence across a wide range of primary and secondary outcomes.
Question What treatments for cocaine use disorder are associated with objective reductions in cocaine use among adults?
Young adults report high rates of current cannabis use. The increase of legalised cannabis in the United States has led to greater access and availability, causing cannabis to become the new “gateway” drug. This study examined the number of young people who try cannabis before alcohol or tobacco and the link between the initiation of cannabis first and substance use in young adults.
Substance misuse among young people is one of the most public concerns in global health. This study set out to explore treatment barriers among young people in Zimbabwe.
Data was collected through interviews with 30 participants
The study found that the barriers to treatment among young people included
Abstract
Importance Information about the trend in illicit substance ingestions among young children during the pandemic is limited.
Adolescence is a critical phase of development and is frequently a period of initiating and engaging in risky behaviors, including alcohol and other substance use. The COVID-19 pandemic and associated stressors might have affected adolescent involvement in these behaviors.
A publication on predictors of substance use disorder symptoms among women in Katsina State, Nigeria.
Major research breakthroughs over the past 30 years in the field of substance use prevention have served to:
(1) enhance understanding of pharmacological effects on the nervous systems and the health and social consequences of the use of psychoactive substances, particularly for children and adolescents;
The Alcohol Use and Mental Health Project ECHO is a no-cost virtual program for health care professionals who are looking for up-to-date and research-based information on working with people who use alcohol.
In the entire world, smoking is a major contributor to preventable deaths and years of life with a disability. Nevertheless, little is known about the factors that influence women's smoking habits. This study evaluated the factors that influence smoking and smoking frequency among Nigerian women of reproductive age.
NIH shared this abstract: Trauma exposure is prevalent in the general population, but healthcare workers may be at greater risks for additional work-related trauma. Trauma is a known risk factor for substance use, particularly tobacco and risky alcohol use.
Alcohol screening, brief advice and referral to treatment (SBIRT) in primary health care is an effective strategy to decrease alcohol consumption at population level. However, there is relatively scarce evidence regarding its economic returns in non-high-income countries.