Іздестіру
Psychoactive Substances
Psychoactive substances are natural or synthetic substances that act on the central nervous system and alter mental processes such as mood, perception, cognition, consciousness, and behaviour. These substances may be legally prescribed medications (e.g., pain medications or sedatives), legally available substances such as alcohol or caffeine, or controlled or illicit drugs. Psychoactive substances can be used for medical, social, cultural, or recreational purposes, but some carry risks of misuse, dependence, and health or social harms when used in harmful ways.
Efficacy Indicators of Four Methods in Outpatient Addiction Treatment
Abstract
Background: In Portugal, as far as we know, there are no recent studies that evaluated the comparative efficacy of therapeutic modalities in addiction problems by reference to a holistic and psychosocial model of effectiveness.
...FREE Opioid Training Course from Harvard
Harvard University has launched a free online training course via edX.org. Suitable for those looking for an introduction to understanding opioids and the current "crisis" facing many nations through high rates of drug related deaths. The...
Substance Use among a Sample of Healthcare Workers in Kenya
ABSTRACT
This study describes reported substance use among Kenyan healthcare workers (HCWs), as it has implications for HCWs’ health, productivity, and their ability and likelihood to intervene on substance use. The Alcohol Smoking and...
Predicting Smoking Lapses in the First Week of Quitting: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study
ABSTRACT
Objectives: This study focused on lapse shortly after an attempt to quit smoking. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies have mapped real-time situational factors that induce lapses in everyday life. However, the possible...
Neurobiology of Addictions / Neurobiología de las adicciones
ABSTRACT
The proportion of drug abuse users that develop dependence does not represent the totality of users. Therefore, there is a substantial proportion of users that do not develop a substance use disorder (SUD). For example, in Mexico...
Drug Use Severity, Mortality, and Cause of Death in Primary Care Patients with Substance Use Disorders
Abstract
This article examines the association between drug use severity and mortality in primary care patients with substance use disorders. In 848 individuals with known vital status, severity was low in 32%, intermediate in 38%, or...
Психостимуляторлық тәуелділіктегі аденозин рецепторларының рөлі
Аденозин рецепторлары (AR) — адам денесінің барлық дерлік тіндері мен мүшелерінде кеңінен таралған А1, А2А, А2В, А3 рецепторлары деп аталатын төрт мүшеден тұратын G-ақуызды жұптасқан рецепторлар тұқымдасы. Бүгінгі күнге дейін олар...
Effects of Prefrontal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Motivation to Quit in Tobacco Smokers
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been shown to reduce cravings in tobacco addiction; however, results have been somewhat mixed. In this study, we hypothesized that...
Associations between Substance Use and Type of Crime in Prisoners with Substance Use Problems
Aim: The present study aimed to study the associations between substance use patterns and types of crimes in prisoners with substance use problems, and specifically whether substance use patterns were different in violent offenders.
Metho...
Detecting Novel and Emerging Drug Terms Using Natural Language Processing: A Social Media Corpus Study
ABSTRACT
Background: With the rapid development of new psychoactive substances (NPS) and changes in the use of more traditional drugs, it is increasingly difficult for researchers and public health practitioners to keep up with emerging...
Morbidity and Mortality in Homeless Individuals, Prisoners, Sex Workers, and Individuals with Substance Use Disorders in High-Income Countries
Summary
Background
Inclusion health focuses on people in extremely poor health due to poverty, marginalisation, and multimorbidity. We aimed to review morbidity and mortality data on four overlapping populations who experience...
Misuse of Novel Synthetic Opioids: A Deadly New Trend
ABSTRACT
Novel synthetic opioids (NSOs) include various analogs of fentanyl and newly emerging non-fentanyl compounds. Together with illicitly manufactured fentanyl (IMF), these drugs have caused a recent spike in overdose deaths, whereas...
The Diverse Reasons for Using Novel Psychoactive Substances
Abstract
Background
The increasing number of legally ambiguous and precarious Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS) constitutes a challenge for policy makers and public health. Scientific and more in-depth knowledge about the motivations...
Gender Differences in Substance Use and Psychiatric Distress among Medical Students
ABSTRACT
Background: Medical student wellness has emerged as an important issue in medical education. The purpose of the present study was to obtain a comprehensive assessment of substance use, psychological distress, and help-seeking...
Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor Controls Neural and Behavioral Plasticity in Response to Cocaine
Cocaine addiction is characterized by dysfunction in reward-related brain circuits, leading to maladaptive motivation to seek and take the drug. There are currently no clinically available pharmacotherapies to treat cocaine addiction...
Most-Read Knowledge Share Articles of 2017
Here is a selection of the most-read Knowledge Share articles of 2017. These are the articles that captivated our members most.
Никарагуа қаласындағы жоғары оқу орнының әкімшілік қызметкерлеріне психологиялық апат, отбасының жұмыс істеуі және психоактивті заттарды пайдалану
Алинка Патриция Авенданьо Балладарес
Кіріспе: Психикалық денсаулық және нашақорлық саласындағы мамандар халықта, әсіресе жұмыс істейтін халықта психоактивті заттарды қолдануды тудыратын жағдайларды анықтауға тырысады, осыған байланысты...
Субстанцияларға тәуелділік бойынша емдік қауымдастықтардың сапа өлшемдері
Реферат
Аясы
Латын Америкасында субстанцияларға байланысты бұзылулар жоғары басым және емдеу стратегияларының бірі Емдік қауымдастықтар (ТК) болып табылады, алайда Латын Америкасында емдеудің осы стратегиялары, олардың сапасы, құлдырау...
18-тарау – Допамин жолының нашақорлық және генетикасы
Реферат
Нашақорлық деп мінез-құлық, танымдық, биологиялық (оның ішінде генетикалық) субстраттарды қамтитын кең фенотип түсініледі. Туыстас зерттеулер нашақорлықтың өскіндігін 30%-дан 60%-ға дейін бағалады. Допамин нашақорлықтың әр түрлі...
Identifying and Treating Patients Who Use Tobacco
'Million Hearts' is an initiative launched by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services that aims to prevent 1 million heart attacks and strokes by promoting evidence-based intervention through communities, health systems, non-profit...
