البحث

Abstract

Children are increasingly affected by sexual exploitation (SEC), and the subsequent hardships arising out threaten their lives. Resilience is the process of adapting well in the face of trauma or other significant sources of stress. Past literature discusses various child participatory methods but has not explored the voices and role of children as agents of change among their peers to yield adaptation and resilience.

RESUMEN

El tabaquismo es una enfermedad adictiva y crónica, caracterizada por la presencia de recaídas a lo largo de su evolución. Es la primera causa evitable de muerte en el mundo. Los profesionales sanitarios están obligados a diagnosticar y tratar correctamente a los fumadores para ayudarles a dejar de serlo.

Abstract

Importance  While some studies have found an association between marijuana use and adverse neonatal outcomes, results have not been consistent across all trials.

Objective  To assess available data on neonatal outcomes in marijuana-exposed pregnancies.

Abstract

Importance  Significant disparities exist in smoking behaviors by sexual minority status in the US.

Objective  To examine potential differences in the associations between exposure to the Tips From Former Smokers (Tips) campaign and intentions and attempts to quit smoking by sexual minority status.

Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) is an evidence-based approach to early intervention of substance use.

This mixed-methods evaluation assessed the implementation of an adolescent SBIRT change package across 13 primary care clinics in the United States. These clinics participated in an 18-month learning collaborative, during which they received training and technical assistance on SBIRT practices. 

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Alcohol and marijuana are commonly used by young adults, and use of both substances, particularly at the same time, is prevalent among this population. Understanding the prevalence, patterns, correlates, and consequences of simultaneous alcohol and marijuana (SAM) use is important to inform interventions.

Abstract

Objective

To assess the impact of fetal exposure to cannabis on adiposity and glucose-insulin traits in early life.

Abstract

Background

In the context of the current U.S. injection drug use epidemic, targeted public health harm reduction strategies have traditionally focused on overdose prevention and reducing transmission of blood-borne viral infections. Severe bacterial infections (SBI) associated with intravenous drug use have been increasing in frequency in the U.S. over the last decade.

Abstract

Background

Increasing buprenorphine/naloxone (B/N) access for opioid use disorder (OUD) is essential yet ensuring adherence and preventing diversion remains challenging. This study examines the feasibility, usability, and acceptability of MySafeRx, a mobile platform integrating motivational coaching, adherence monitoring, and electronic dispensing during office-based B/N treatment.

Abstract

Background

Epidemiological data from Mexico have documented an increase in heroin use in the last decade. However, there is no comprehensive care strategy for heroin users, especially those who have been accused of a crime.

Background

When used in combination with other therapies for drug use disorders, neurofeedback (NF) has been classified as "probably effective," according to recent research in the community of people with opioid use disorder.

Background

Tobacco control program leaders may improve the use of evidence in program and policy development by presenting evidence to policymakers more often. However, current scientific knowledge regarding what works is slow to reach decision-makers.

Abstract

Importance  Psychiatric disorders may be associated with an increased risk for SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection after vaccination, but no studies have tested this hypothesis.

Objective  To evaluate whether past diagnoses of psychiatric disorders are associated with an increased incidence of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection among fully vaccinated individuals.

Abstract:

Introduction. There is little information in Mexico about the transition to injecting drugs among drug users in cities other than Tijuana.

Abstract

Background

Drug overdose deaths in the United States have continued to increase at an alarming rate. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) distributed more than $7 billion between January 2016 and June 2020 to address the drug overdose crisis.

Although more than 1 in every 3 US individuals will develop a substance use disorder in their lifetime, relatively little is known about the long-term patterns of substance use disorder symptoms from adolescence through adulthood.

Key Points

Question  What are the long-term patterns of substance use disorder symptoms from adolescence through adulthood?

Summary

Mental health is a public health issue for European young people. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 provides internationally comparable information on trends in the health status of populations and changes in the leading causes of disease burden over time.

Abstract

Importance  Observational studies have consistently proposed cardiovascular benefits associated with light alcohol consumption, while recent genetic analyses (ie, mendelian randomization studies) have suggested a possible causal link between alcohol intake and increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Cigarette smoking has recently been associated with several gastrointestinal symptoms, and smoking cessation has been recommended as a lifestyle change strategy for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This study assessed the prevalence of IBS in cigarette smokers based on the Rome IV criteria, the severity of nicotine dependence, and the effect of smoking cessation in smokers with IBS.

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The rapid growth in the e-cigarette market after the launch of JUUL e-cigarettes led to much discussion on the potential benefits and risks of pods, JUUL devices, and conventional e-cigarettes compared with combustible cigarettes. Independent data are required to assess the effects of these products on cardiovascular surrogate parameters and cardiovascular risk.

Abstract

Background

Epidemiological studies show a dose–response association between cannabis use and the risk of psychosis. This review aimed to determine whether there are identifiable risk-thresholds between the frequency of cannabis use and psychosis development.

Methods

Alcohol-related harm is a growing concern globally and particularly in West Africa. However, tools for assessing the readiness for prevention of alcohol-related harm in low-resource settings have been lacking. This research explores the effectiveness of the modified the WHO tool, the Readiness Assessment for the Prevention of Child Maltreatment Short Form (RAP-CM) across West Africa.

Executive Summary

In recent times, UK consumers have been buying alcohol online in record numbers, from an ever-growing variety of retailers, increasingly promising delivery to the doorstep within minutes.

However, as the market continues to expand, Alcohol Change UK’s commissioned research questions how robust current systems are in protecting children and vulnerable adults from alcohol harm.

Abstract

This article is part of a Festschrift commemorating the 50th anniversary of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). Established in 1970, first as part of the National Institute of Mental Health and later as an independent institute of the National Institutes of Health, NIAAA today is the world’s largest funding agency for alcohol research.

Background

The long-running opioid epidemic and the more recent COVID-19 pandemic are two interrelated events with major public health implications for people who use opioids (OUD). The majority of studies on the interaction of these two public health concerns have employed pre-existing data to focus on community, state, or national patterns.

Abstract

Importance  Despite the legalization and widespread use of cannabis products for a variety of medical concerns in the US, there is not yet a strong clinical literature to support such use. The risks and benefits of obtaining a medical marijuana card for common clinical outcomes are largely unknown.