The most important predictor for SUD later in life is early initiation of substance use during adolescence, thus prevention programs must target youth in delaying the onset of age of initiation. However, the interaction between both risk and protective factors on early initiation of substance use is not well studied. Therefore, this cross sectional study used two different types of modeling to examine these associations, the multivariate regression analysis and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA). The MCA allows for testing of interdependence between risk factors and protective factors...

Although it is a term that is frequently used, understanding what it means to be resilient or develop resilience is not always straight forward.

In an article published in the Frontiers in Behavioural Neuroscience, the researchers interpret resilience as: 

"the capacity and dynamic process of adaptively overcoming stress and adversity while maintaining normal psychological and physical functioning."

The review goes on to discuss resilience in terms of:

• Genetic and Epigenetic Factors
• Developmental Factors
• Psychological Factors
• Neurochemical Factors

The researchers describe how the...