The laws, regulations, strategies, and governance frameworks that guide how governments and institutions address substance use, substance use disorders, and illicit drug trafficking. These policies shape coordinated responses across prevention, treatment, recovery support, public health, regulatory control, and law enforcement. Effective substance use policies aim to reduce health and social harms, ensure access to prevention and treatment services, regulate controlled substances, and disrupt illicit drug markets. They are typically informed by scientific evidence, public health principles, and cross-sector collaboration to promote safer and healthier communities.