Psychological dependence refers to a strong emotional or mental compulsion to use a substance or engage in a behaviour to achieve pleasurable effects or relieve emotional distress. Unlike physical dependence, it does not necessarily involve physiological withdrawal symptoms but is characterised by cravings, obsessive thoughts, and a perceived need for the substance to function or feel “normal.”
This type of dependence may develop with or without physical addiction and can occur in relation to both substances (e.g., alcohol, nicotine, stimulants) and behaviours (e.g., gambling, gaming, or eating). Individuals may experience anxiety, irritability, or depression when unable to access the substance or behaviour.
Over time, psychological dependence can reinforce habitual or compulsive use patterns, often leading to misuse or addiction.
Sources: Gosnold