Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation for substance use disorder: A narrative review
Abstract
Background
Recent technological advances have led to increased experimentation in non-invasively modulating the brain to reduce craving and drug use in substance use disorder (SUD). However, many forms of neuromodulation remain costly and require administration in a medical setting, limiting scalability. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) circumvents these limitations. A substantial body of neurobiological and clinical evidence suggests that VNS may be well-suited to target core mechanisms underlying substance use, including craving, mood, and stress dysregulation.
Methods
Fifty-two...