Search
Law Enforcement
The activities of authorised agencies such as police, customs, border services, and investigative bodies to enforce drug control laws and address criminal activities related to the production, trafficking, and distribution of illicit substances. These activities may include investigations, intelligence gathering, interdiction, and collaboration with national and international partners to disrupt organised crime networks. Law enforcement plays an important role in protecting public safety and maintaining the rule of law, and is most effective when coordinated with broader public health, prevention, treatment, and recovery efforts as part of a balanced and comprehensive response to substance use.
Effectiveness of psychological interventions in prison to reduce recidivism: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
Summary
Background
Repeat offending, also known as criminal recidivism, in people released from prison has remained high over many decades. To address this, psychological treatments have been increasingly used in criminal justice settings...
Evidence-based treatment and supervision practices for co-occurring mental and substance use disorders in the criminal justice system.
Abstract
Background: Over seven million persons in the United States are supervised by the criminal justice system, including many who have co-occurring mental and substance use disorders (CODs). This population is at high risk for...
Diverting homeless substance users from hospitalization and incarceration: an innovative agency collaboration.
ABSTRACT
In Washington State, U.S., 29 of every 10,000 individuals were homeless in 2019. It has been estimated that over 80% of chronically homeless individuals have experienced substance use disorders. Snohomish County Diversion Center...
A scoping review of community-based post-opioid overdose intervention programs: implications of program structure and outcomes.
Abstract
Background:
An emergent intervention to address the opioid epidemic is the use of multidisciplinary outreach teams which connect an individual in the community to healthcare resources after the experience of an opioid overdose...
Seattle’s law enforcement assisted diversion (LEAD): Program effects on criminal justice and legal system utilization and costs.
Abstract
Objectives We evaluated a prebooking law enforcement assisted diversion (LEAD) program (i.e., initial diversion from the criminal justice system paired with harm-reduction case management and legal assistance to individuals with...
LEAD program evaluation: Recidivism report.
Abstract
This document reports on a quantitative analysis project to compare outcomes for the Law Enforcement Assisted Diversion (LEAD) Program, which was established in 2011 as a means of diverting those suspected of low-level drug and...
Seeking Safety for women in incarceration: a systematic review
ABSTRACT
Purpose
Seeking Safety is an evidence-based treatment for individuals with comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and substance use disorder. This treatment shows promise to address the unique, unmet needs of women in prison. The...
Law enforcement-led, pre-arrest diversion-to-treatment may reduce crime recidivism, incarceration, and overdose deaths: Program evaluation outcomes.
Abstract
Introduction: Substance use disorder (SUD), overdose, and drug use-related crime continue to increase in the U.S. Pre-arrest diversion-to-treatment programs may decrease crime recidivism and overdose deaths. We assessed the impact...
Evaluating Seeking Safety for Women in Prison: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
Objective:
This study assessed the effectiveness of Seeking Safety on depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with incarcerated women.
Method:
A randomized controlled trial (N = 40) was used to analyze Seeking...
Pre-Arrest Diversion-To-Treatment for Adults with Substance Use Disorder: Health Outcomes and Predictors of Program Completion.
Abstract
Untreated addiction is often associated with criminal justice involvement. Pre-arrest diversion programs are increasingly popular, despite limited evidence. We implemented Madison Addiction Recovery Initiative (MARI), a law...
A multi-site evaluation of law enforcement deflection in the United States.
Many law enforcement and other first responder agencies have adopted deflection as a front-line response to the increasing number of drug overdoses and deaths in the United States over the past two decades. Deflection programs aim to...
Peer support on the “inside and outside”: building lives and reducing recidivism for people with mental illness returning from jail.
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to gain understanding about the effectiveness of a forensic peer support program’s impact on reducing criminal recidivism. People with histories of mental illness returning to the community...
Peer-mentored community reentry reduces recidivism.
Abstract
Most people released from incarceration in the criminal justice system return to prison within 3 years. To improve community reentry, national initiatives have promoted new and revitalized programming, including peer mentorship...
Alcohol Sachets an Endemic Problem in Sub-Saharan Africa: Do the Alcohol Sachet Bans in Africa Achieve the Policy Goals on Access and Availability
Abstract Background:
Packaging alcohol in small quantities appears to be very popular in sub-Saharan African countries. This region represents itself amongst the largest consumer of easily accessible alcohol (WHO, 2018). Packaging and...
Closer to home: An analysis of the state and local impact of the Texas juvenile justice reforms.
Closer to Home: An Analysis of the State and Local Impact of the Texas Juvenile Justice Reforms, which draws on an unprecedented dataset of 1.3 million individual case records spanning eight years, shows youth incarcerated in state-run...
Police‐initiated diversion for youth to prevent future delinquent behavior: A systematic review.
Abstract
This Campbell systematic review examines the effects police-initiated diversion programs on delinquent behavior, compared to traditional system processing. The review summarizes evidence from nineteen high-quality studies...
Overview of Juvenile Deflection in the United States: A State-by-State Comparison.
Introduction
Over the past few decades, juvenile crime (i.e., “delinquency”), arrests and confinement have begun to decline—a trend that directly correlates with states and localities moving away from overly punitive, “tough on crime”...
Strategies for Postrelease Supervision of Individuals with Serious Mental Illness: Comparing Specialized Community Corrections Officers to Those Not Serving on a Specialized Team
Abstract
Specially trained parole/probation officers (STOs) increasingly manage caseloads of persons with serious mental illness (SMI). Using an online survey, we compared the supervision approaches of 90 STOs to 132 non-STOs who also...
A meta‐analytic review of the efficacy of psychological treatments for violent offenders in correctional and forensic mental health settings.
ABSTRACT
This meta‐analysis examined whether psychological treatments with adult violent offenders in correctional and forensic mental health settings are effective in preventing community recidivism and institutional (hospital/prison)...
Criminal Justice Involvement after Release from Prison following Exposure to Community Mental Health Services among People Who Use Illicit Drugs and Have Mental Illness: a Systematic Review
ABSTRACT
Illicit drug use and mental illness are common among people in prison and are associated with higher rates of reoffending and reimprisonment. We conducted a systematic review, searching MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO to January 10...