IL-6 Expression and the Confidence Interval-Based Estimation of Relevance (CIBER) Help Identify Persistent Inflammation and Cognitive Parameters of Executive Dysfunction in the Withdrawal Phase of Male Polydrug Abusers

Individuals diagnosed with substance use disorders (SUD) exhibit notable deficits in executive function (EFs). Notably, the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been associated with cognitive impairments in individuals with substance use disorders. The specific neuropsychological parameters most affected by executive dysfunction remain poorly understood. In this study, sixteen patients diagnosed with SUD in the withdrawal phase were compared to twenty age-matched control subjects to ascertain which aspects of EFs were most adversely impacted. Plasma levels of IL-6 were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed using the Confidence Interval-Based Estimation of Relevance (CIBER) model to determine the most sensitive executive performance indicators. Findings from the CIBER analysis revealed that the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test yielded the most pronounced cognitive discrepancies between males with and without SUD diagnoses. Elevated levels of IL-6 and associated executive dysfunction were observed to persist in males with SUD throughout the withdrawal phase. Notably, cognitive flexibility emerged as the most sensitive parameter indicative of executive dysfunction, suggesting its potential utility in tailoring clinical interventions for SUD patients during this critical recovery period.