Separate or Concomitant Use of Alcohol and Tobacco during Pregnancy: Prevalence and Associated Factors
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Abstract
Introduction: Pregnancy is a crucial period for a child’s physiological and psychological development. Alcohol and tobacco consumption during gestation is a public health concern due to the potential harm to maternal health, fetal development, and infant health.
Objective: To identify the prevalence of separate and concomitant use of alcohol and tobacco during pregnancy and associated sociodemographic, obstetric, and clinical factors.
Method: A quantitative cross-sectional study conducted with 253 postpartum women in a public maternity hospital in Brazil. Alcohol and tobacco use in the last trimester of pregnancy was assessed using the Alcohol Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). Bivariate analyses and multivariate logistic regressions were performed.
Results: The prevalence of alcohol use was 17.4%, tobacco use 7.9%, and combined use 4.7%. Alcohol use was associated with a history of abortion [Adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 3.18] and higher family income. Tobacco use was associated with a higher number of children (aOR = 12.12 for four or more children). Combined use was associated with the absence of a partner (aOR = 4.11) and a previous history of depression (aOR = 3.63).
Discussion and conclusion: The results highlight the need for implementing strategic programs for the prevention and control of alcohol and tobacco use during pregnancy, considering the identified risk factors. Raising awareness among healthcare professionals and creating targeted public policies are essential for promoting healthy pregnancy and ensuring maternal-child well-being.
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