Online Gambling In Europe: Prevalence, Risk and Regulatory Challenges In The Digital Era

INTRODUCTION: Digital transformation and market liberalisation have intensified the growth of online gambling and related risks, underscoring the need for targeted research, regulation, and prevention. This study synthesises evidence on the prevalence, regional differences, and effectiveness of digital regulatory measures.

METHODS: This study was designed as a comprehensive secondary analysis and systematic review of available empirical data on online gambling in Europe, focusing on prevalence, risk behaviours, and regulatory policies.

RESULTS: Online gambling in Europe is rising, especially among young people and men. Apparent regional differences exist: Western and Northern Europe show higher participation, while Central and Eastern Europe show more dynamic growth. Adolescent exposure is increasing. Regulatory models that combine state restrictions with mandatory data sharing appear more effective than voluntary approaches.

CONCLUSIONS: Online gambling in Europe is rapidly expanding and constitutes a serious public health concern, requiring a coherent, evidence-based, and ethically responsible policy that protects vulnerable populations.