Cochrane Tobacco Addiction: Key Review Summaries
Below are two-page summaries of research carried out by the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction group.
Combined pharmacotherapy and behavioural interventions for smoking cessation
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A Review of the Public Sector Substance Use Disorder Treatment and Prevention Systems in Kenya
Abstract
Background
The burden of substance use disorders in sub-Saharan Africa has been projected to increase by an estimated 130% by 2050. Despite this, little is known about the substance use disorder treatment and prevention systems...
Discussing Alcohol Use with the GP
A General Practitioner (GP) is often the first point of contact for people struggling with alcohol related issues. These doctors must be trained to detect problematic drinking as well as have the confidence and skills to have open...
The Relationship Between Alcohol-related Hospital Admission and Specialist Alcohol Treatment Provision in England
In March 2012 the Health and Social Care Act (HSCA) was approved, resulting in the commissioning responsibility of specialist drug and alcohol service transferring from the National Health Service (NHS) to local authorities in England.
Thi...
Barriers, Facilitators, and Disparities in Retention for Adolescents in Treatment for Substance Use Disorders: A Qualitative Study with Treatment Providers
Abstract
Background
Retention in substance use treatment is one of the strongest predictors of improved outcomes among adolescents, making retention an important goal of treatment. We examined treatment providers’ perspectives on barriers...
Substance Use and SUDs in LGBTQ* Populations
People who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or questioning (LGBTQ) often face social stigma, discrimination, and other challenges not encountered by people who identify as heterosexual. They also face a greater risk of...
COVID-19 and Substance Use Disorders: Recommendations for a Comprehensive Healthcare Response
The coronavirus pandemic has become a sudden public health issue that has affected all communities around the world. Everyone has had to make adjustments to their lifestyles in a united effort to slow the spread of disease and prevent as...
The Self-Care Matrix: A Unifying Framework for Self-Care
We are seeing a global rise in long-term noncommunicable diseases, linked with our inability to protect our own wellbeing.
The World Health Organization defines self-care as:
"the ability of individuals, families and communities to...
Self‐Care for the Prevention and Management of Disease: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals
Due to the nature of their work, health care professionals frequently experience long hours, stress, burnout and compassion fatigue. If left unaddressed, these issues can lead to increased risks of mental and physical health problems.
One...
Adolescent Brain Development, Substance Use, and Psychotherapeutic Change
Adolescence involves dramatic biologic, psychological, and behavioural changes.
Adolescents respond, learn and explore their environment, forming new relationships and further developing their identity.
It is often a time where...
First Alcohol Treatment Institutions in Today's Czech Republic and Slovak Republic
Abstract
Objective:
Drawing on qualitative analysis of selected historical documents, the paper seeks to provide a definition of the general characteristics of the first institutional alcohol treatment facilities in today's Czech Republic...
Outreach to People Who Survive Opioid Overdose
Often it takes a critical moment, such as when someone survives an overdose, to motivate behavioural change.
It is particularly important that at these times people have access to the appropriate treatment.
The objective of this study was...
Trajectories of psychological distress during recovery from polysubstance use disorder
Abstract
Introduction: Polysubstance use is a prevalent substance use pattern with adverse effects on psychological distress and diminished treatment outcomes. Although polysubstance use often dominates clinical practice, the trajectories...
How Does Parental Supply of Alcohol Affect Risk of Alcohol‐Related Harms in Early Adulthood?
There is evidence to suggest that adolescents who receive alcohol from their parents are at higher risk of developing harmful drinking patterns later on in life.
Despite the concerning link, the knowledge around this subject remains...
Differences in Availability and Use of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder in Residential Treatment Settings in the United States
Opioid use and Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) continues to be a significant public health concern in the United States.
Several medications for OUD (MOUDs) are now considered by the medical community to be the criterion standard in OUD recovery...
Heavy Cannabis Use, Dependence and the Brain
Although cannabis use disorder (CUD) is one of the most common substance use disorders (SUDs), the impact of CUD on the brain remains unclear and understudied.
In a recent article, published in Addiction journal, researchers from the...
Is Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) Effective for Addressing Substance Use among Adolescents?
Nicotine, alcohol and marijuana are the most widely used substances among adolescents. These substances, however, can have serious negative consequences for brain development, making substance use among adolescents a major public health...
Should Cigarette Pack Sizes be Capped?
In an attempt to prevent harmful tobacco use, countries have introduced policies such as the minimum number of cigarettes. This increases the cost of buying a packet of tobacco and it is hoped it will deter young people from buying.
In...
Changes in Smoker Characteristics in England
Smoking in England has decreased over the last decade. It is vital to monitor the trends and examine the factors that may be influencing the downward curve, so as to maintain the pattern and make predictions about future smoking rates.
A...
Goal Commitment Predicts Cannabis Use for Adolescents in Treatment
Background: Commitment to change is an innovative potential mediator and mechanism of behaviour change (MOBC) that has not been examined in adolescents with cannabis use. The Adolescent Substance Abuse Goal Commitment (ASAGC) questionnaire...