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Populations
Distinct groups of people within a society who share certain characteristics such as age, gender, geographic location, socioeconomic status, cultural background, or exposure to particular risk factors that may influence patterns of substance use, vulnerability to substance use disorders, and access to services. In the context of substance use systems, identifying and understanding different populations helps guide the design of prevention, treatment, recovery, and policy responses that are appropriate, equitable, and responsive to specific needs. Examples may include youth, women, people experiencing homelessness, individuals in the criminal justice system, or communities affected by specific social or economic conditions.
Associations between Substance Use and Type of Crime in Prisoners with Substance Use Problems
Aim: The present study aimed to study the associations between substance use patterns and types of crimes in prisoners with substance use problems, and specifically whether substance use patterns were different in violent offenders.
Metho...
A Systematic Review of Alcohol Interventions for People Living with and beyond Cancer
Background
There is a wealth of evidence pointing to a link between alcohol drinking and cancer. There is also evidence to suggest that people who have been diagnosed with cancer continue to behave in a way which is risky to their health...
Can Health Care Efforts to Reduce Child Behavior Problems Also Reduce Social Risk? Unintended Collateral Benefits in Parent Training
Introduction: Lack of family resources, social risk, has been found to negatively impact development of child behavior problems. Thus, improving families’ access to resources, and thereby reducing social risk, would certainly benefit...
Morbidity and Mortality in Homeless Individuals, Prisoners, Sex Workers, and Individuals with Substance Use Disorders in High-Income Countries
Summary
Background
Inclusion health focuses on people in extremely poor health due to poverty, marginalisation, and multimorbidity. We aimed to review morbidity and mortality data on four overlapping populations who experience...
Alcohol Problems in the Criminal Justice System: An Opportunity for Intervention
Alcohol is linked with crime, especially violent crime. Many people are incarcerated because of alcohol-related crime. Alcohol is not permitted in prisons except in a very few cases, and illicit use of alcohol in prison is not a major...
Family History of Alcoholism and the Human Brain Response to Oral Sucrose
Abstract
A heightened hedonic response to sweet tastes has been associated with increased alcohol preference and alcohol consumption in both humans and animals. The principal goal of this study was to examine blood oxygenation level...
Treatment for Opioid Use and Outcomes in Older Adults
Abstract
Background
Historically, issues relating to problem substance use among older people have received little attention, and have only recently been recognised.
Methods
A literature review of relevant material was conducted in...
“No Alcohol Is Recommended, but . . .”: Health Care Students’ Attitudes about Alcohol Consumption during Pregnancy
Abstract
Canadian findings suggest that health care providers require further training and education to support their work preventing fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). However, the knowledge and training of health care students in...
Health Care Students’ Attitudes about Alcohol Consumption during Pregnancy
Abstract
This article explores medical, midwifery, and nurse practitioner students’ attitudes about women who may consume alcohol throughout their pregnancies. Twenty-one health care students responded to a scenario-based vignette...
Gender Differences in Substance Use and Psychiatric Distress among Medical Students
ABSTRACT
Background: Medical student wellness has emerged as an important issue in medical education. The purpose of the present study was to obtain a comprehensive assessment of substance use, psychological distress, and help-seeking...
Gender and Age Effects on the Trajectory of Depression in Opioid Users during Methadone Maintenance Treatment
Introduction: Both heroin use and depression are significant health problems. Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) can be of great benefit to heroin users. However, changes in the level of depression in heroin users during MMT are not...
Contribution of Smoking to Socioeconomic Inequalities in Mortality
Abstract
Background: Smoking contributes to socioeconomic inequalities in mortality, but the extent to which this contribution has changed over time and driven widening or narrowing inequalities in total mortality remains unknown. We...
Feasibility of Implementing a Culturally Adapted Parenting Intervention for Karen Refugee Caretakers in the U.S.
Elizabeth A Wieling, Jaime Ballard, Christopher Mehus, Damir Utrzan
Introduction: Increasing numbers of children are fleeing to the United States after exposure to war and conflict. Children exposed to war have high rates of negative...
Development of a Smartphone App-Based Messaging Intervention to Encourage HIV Self-Testing in Hefei, China
Cui Yang, Ashley Perez, Don Operario, Hongo Zhang, Nickolas Zaller
Introduction: Research in China has found that MSM avoid HIV testing at clinics or public health departments due in part to stigma and fear of disclosure of their MSM...
The Impact of an Indigenous Led, Community-Based Trial to Reduce Alcohol Related Harms in New South Wales, Australia
Mieke Snijder
Introduction: Indigenous people of Australia experience a higher burden of health-related harm compared to non-Aboriginal Australians, which is most starkly evidenced by the Aboriginal life expectancy being an estimated 10...
Acceptability of Oral Fluid-Based Rapid HIV Self-Testing in Hefei, China
Ashley Perez, Don Operario, Cui Yang, Nickolas Zaller, Hongo Zhang
Introduction: In China, the proportion of HIV cases attributed to men who have sex with men (MSM) behavior has rapidly increased in recent years, with over one-quarter of...
Supportive Parenting Moderates the Effect of Racial Discrimination on Delinquency among Ethiopian-Israeli Youth
Steven M. Kogan, Sophie Walsh, Megan Hicks
The Ethiopian families who are the focus of the present study emigrated from Ethiopia to Israel in the 1980s-1990s. Escaping civil war, famine, and religious persecution, these families have...
Meeting the Challenges of Recruiting and Retaining Families in a Pragmatic Randomised Controlled Trial of the Strengthening Families Programme 10-14 UK
Jeremy Segrott, Jo Holliday, Jonathan Scourfield, David Foxcroft, Simon Murphy
Introduction: Trials of family-based prevention interventions often face challenges in recruitment and retention, leading to methodological issues. However...
Lessons Learnt from Scaling-up a Parenting Programme during Its Research Phase
Jenny Doubt
Background: There is an increasing demand for effective ways of preventing and reducing violence in our societies. Children in developing countries experience higher levels of abuse, and less than 12% of abused children receive...
Medical Council on Alcohol 2017-18 Legacy Essay Competition
History & Latest information
This prize started in 1985 when the Frowen family lost their son Micheal due to alcohol related health issues. Since then we have relied on the kindness of others to donate money to help fund this prize. We...