This publication provides an update on drug-related deaths in Europe, presenting and analysing the latest data and trends in drug-induced deaths and overall mortality among high-risk drug users in the European Union and beyond.

It draws on contributions from specialists representing more than 40 countries at the latest meeting of the EMCDDA expert network on drug-related deaths in November 2018 as well as information provided by European countries in the annual reporting exercise.

Contents

• Introduction and objective of this report
• Overdose deaths in Europe: Comparisons and causes
• Overall mortality: Insights from cohort studies
• Responding to drug-related deaths
• The way forward: Exploring complementary sources
• Conclusions
• Acknowledgements
• References
• Appendix

The World Drug Report aims at improving the understanding of the world drug problem and contributing towards fostering greater international cooperation for countering its impact on health, governance and security.

The World Drug Report 2019 is presented in five separate parts that divide the wealth of information and analysis contained in the report into individual reader-friendly booklets in which drugs are grouped by their psychopharmacological effect for the first time in the report’s history.

Booklet 1- key findings and implications for policy

Booklet 2- a global overview of the latest estimates of and trends in the supply, use and health consequences of drugs

Booklet 3- trends in the market for depressants (including opioids, sedatives, tranquillizers and hypnotics)

Booklet 4- recent trends in the market for stimulants (including cocaine, amphetamine-type stimulants and new psychoactive substances)

Booklet 5- a review of recent trends in the market for cannabis and for hallucinogens

The Global Drug Survey is the Worlds is the worlds largest drug survey. The aim of the GDS is to support communities to have honest and evidence-informed conversations about drugs.

Using anonymous online research methods Global Drug Survey runs an annual survey in 10 languages, which is hosted by partners in over 20 countries.

Survey findings are frank, honest, and revealing and provide a unique insight into personal decision-making about drug use. GDS explores the positives and negatives of drug use and detects new drugs trends as soon as they appear.