Research

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of smoking behaviour on campus and to identify the key factors that influence adherence to a campus smoke-free policy.

Researchers attempted to assess the global harms associated with marijuana use and potentially define risky marijuana use in a systematic review of systematic reviews. Forty-four systematic reviews including over 1053 diverse studies were analyzed, with an average AMSTAR 2 rating of 60.1%, indicating low to moderate quality. Harm was divided into the following three categories: mental health harm, somatic harm, and physical harm.

Abstract

Abstract

Importance: Nonmedical prescription opioid use is a pressing public health issue in the United States.

Desirée Molina, A. Villalobos. José Félix Ribas Foundation, Venezuela

Codependency has been described as a significant health risk behavior, particularly for women, because codependent women are often involved in abusive and harmful relationships. Identification of individuals who are codependent is an important step in assisting them to engage in therapy and become a healthy support for drug abusers in treatment.

Abstract

Introduction. Different studies have reported the relationship of parenting styles with adjustment problems in children. However, it has not been specified which aspects of parenting styles play a central role in the manifestation of such psychological problems. 

Abstract

Abstract

Importance: Alcohol screening may be associated with health outcomes that cluster with alcohol use (ie, alcohol-clustering conditions), including depression, anxiety, and use of tobacco, marijuana, and illicit drugs.

Abstract

Background

Substance use is prevalent in South Africa and associated with poor HIV treatment outcomes, yet, it is largely unaddressed in HIV care. Implementing an evidence-based, task-shared intervention for antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and substance use integrated into HIV care may be a feasible and effective way to improve HIV treatment outcomes and reduce substance use in this population.

The link is to Recovery Research Institute's summary of the findings from this long term longitudinal study of injection drug users in Vancouver Canada. It reports that there are five different trajectories for people who inject drugs. Twenty-four percent of study participants died in the ten year study time frame.

Often it takes a critical moment, such as when someone survives an overdose, to motivate behavioural change.

It is particularly important that at these times people have access to the appropriate treatment.

Abstract
Introduction: Polysubstance use is a prevalent substance use pattern with adverse effects on psychological distress and diminished treatment outcomes. Although polysubstance use often dominates clinical practice, the trajectories of substance use and psychological distress in the initial phase of treatment have been subject to few empirical investigations.

Discussion

A standardized measure for 9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content in cannabis products is necessary to advance research both on the adverse effects of cannabis (e.g. risks for brain development, mental illness and addiction) and on the drug's potential medical uses.

Authors: Desiree MolinaMSc,Greysi Rivero, Sandra Colina

Molina, Desirée, José Felix Ribas Foundation, Venezuela; Lopez, Susana, Instituto Nacional del Menor, Venezuela

Abstract

Background

Maternal smoking of traditional or electronic cigarettes during pregnancy, which constitutes developmental nicotine exposure (DNE), heightens the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders including ADHD, autism, and schizophrenia in children.

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a common and serious psychiatric condition that typically emerges during adolescence and persists into adulthood if left untreated. Prevailing interventions focus on modulating threat and arousal systems but produce only modest rates of remission. This gap in efficacy suggests that most mainstream treatment concepts do not sufficiently target core processes involved in the onset and maintenance of SAD.

Abstract

Objective: To translate and adapt the human immunodeficiency virus stigma scale into Urdu language, and to determine its psychometric properties.

Psychoactive substance use among children in Afghanistan is an issue of concern. Somewhere around 300,000 children in the country have been exposed to opioids that either parents directly provided to them or by passive exposure. Evidence-based and culturally appropriate drug prevention

In an attempt to prevent harmful tobacco use, countries have introduced policies such as the minimum number of cigarettes. This increases the cost of buying a packet of tobacco and it is hoped it will deter young people from buying.

In contrast, however, there is little regulation of the maximum number of cigarettes contained in a pack.

Globally, the number of young people using e-cigarettes is rising. There is an ongoing debate as to whether vaping acts as a gateway for cigarette use later in life. The long term consequences remain unclear, and some argue we are seeing a new generation addicted to nicotine in a different form.

A recent study conducted in New Zealand has examined the latest trends in adolescent cigarette and e-cigarette use from 2014 to 2019.